Summary of Part_4 (English)

4-5: Summary of Part 4

Let us summarize

what we have

learned in Part 4.

(1)

In the microscopic world,

there had successively

appeared many phenomena

which were not

able to be explained

by the classical theory

consisting of Newtonian mechanics

and Maxwellian electromagnetism.

This was a clear deadlock

of the classical theory.

The stability of atoms

and the line spectra

radiated from various atoms

were not understood

with the classical theory.

(2)

Bohr was

successful in explaining

the structure of the hydrogen atom

using Bohr's quantum theory,

in which

the postulations

(the Bohr hypotheses)

were added to

the Rutherford model

based on the classical theory.

(3)

The existence of

de Broglie matter waves

was experimentally confirmed.

It was clarified

that the motion of electrons

accompanies the wave nature

and

Bohr's quantum condition

is naturally been

understood by introducing

de Broglie waves.

Consequently,

it has been

elucidated that

both light and

substance particles

are particles

as well as waves.

This meant

that they had to

construct a new

revolutional theory

to solve the contradiction

in this dual nature,

i.e. the particle nature

and the wave nature.

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